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  • Static Port

    Here's another interesting mystery for the tribe to play with...

    Because I was suffering from Cranial Rectalitis, I made a bad decision during my recent maintenance downtime. I removed about three pounds of tiny 1/8" copper tubing and duct tape inside the port wing, which was being used for pitot and static lines. I replaced the pitot line with a nice light piece of aluminum tube. So far so good.

    But I made the brilliant decision that the static tube, with its tiny hole being an invitation to mud daubers and bugs, should not be outside the airplane. On a non-pressurized plane, I postulated, you could just use the inside of the cabin as a static source. Surely I'd win the Nobel Prize for aerospace !

    Well, not exactly. I won the No-Brain prize.

    On the first flight I came to the conclusion that I had created the world's fastest 65 horse Taylorcraft, with an astonishing cruise speed of 115 miles an hour at 2150 RPM. By the time it dawned on me that the air pressure inside the cabin was not ambient static pressure, I also realized that I had covered and sewn up the wing without the static line installed.

    So I routed a static line from the ASI up the door post and shoved it into the inside of the left wing, hoping that the air inside the wing would be pretty close to ambient. I flew it that way for ten or fifteen flights, but in my heart I knew it wasn't really accurate. The airplane would indicate about 90 on average at 2150, which is a little less than it did before.

    The other day I was trying to scrape off about 15 years of rust and corroded flying skills by making slower, more precision landing approaches. On one approach indicating about 52-53 mph, the airplane started complaining and making noises like it was about to quit flying. I had to goose it a little on short final even though it was reading 50 or better. I made pretty close to a full stall landing (on the numbers, thank you), and looked over to see the ASI indicating 45 mph just after touchdown. It SHOULD have been 35 or 37 in my opinion, a 775 pound empty weight pre-war airplane with 1.3 people on board and not much fuel.

    Today I wrestled and fought and argued another piece of plastic tube back through the wing, made up an aluminum static probe (what I believe it should look like), and more or less went back to the stock type static... but this whole exercise has raised my curiosity.

    I have heard the stories about CG Taylor and his sales staff "adjusting" the static probe with a file to insure the airplane met it's performance numbers before a buyer showed up. I have no idea of the actual details. I know of one sailplane manufacturer who put the static ports in a position that purposely made the ASI read higher at high speed and lower at low speed.

    So, after the whole long-winded back story, I now put these questions out to the group in hopes someone knows the real answer:

    1: How would you calibrate your static source on a Taylorcraft so you had it exactly right instead of 90% right, if you wanted to do that for total accuracy in ASI and ALT readings?

    2: Is there a known, accurate, no BS static port location on a Taylorcraft OTHER than the little probe under the pitot? Cessna has them on the rear fuselage sides and occasionally on the boot cowl. Piper Cherokees use the rear fuselage. On the competition sailplanes we had some very sophisticated pitot and static probes that were highly accurate, that stuck out of the leading edge of the fin. Has the factory or anyone else done a pressure distribution survey on a T-craft airframe to find a locaiton that will give you a really good reading?

    The static probe I made today was a piece of 1/4" aluminum tube with an AN 470 round head rivet glued in the end, and two holes drilled through the tube about half an inch behind the rivet. In case the holes get clogged or bugs get in, I can pull the rivet out and have access to clean out the tube from the front.
    Taylorcraft : Making Better Aviators for 75 Years... and Counting

    Bill Berle
    TF#693

    http://www.ezflaphandle.com
    http://www.grantstar.net
    N26451 (1940 BL(C)-65) 1988-90
    N47DN (Auster Autocrat) 1992-93
    N96121 (1946 BC-12D-85) 1998-99
    N29544 (1940 BL(C)-85) 2005-08

  • #2
    Re: Static Port

    In KZU the static port is a tubing reaching inside the wing about 5 " or so.
    It is not perfect but at cruise speed it is reading withing a MPH or so according to a GPS read out.
    At one time someone said you can get the Airspeed indicator to read high or low by changing the angle of the end of tubing. Facing forward or backwards.
    Do a full stall and remember the indicated stall speed.

    Len
    I loved airplane seens I was a kid.
    The T- craft # 1 aircraft for me.
    Foundation Member # 712

    Comment


    • #3
      Re: Static Port

      In KZU the static port is a tubing reaching inside the wing about 5 " or so.I belive it is ahead of the forward spar, in D section.I have to verfy what.
      It is not perfect but at cruise speed it is reading withing a MPH or so according to a GPS read out.
      At one time someone said you can get the Airspeed indicator to read high or low by changing the angle of the end of tubing. Facing it forward or backwards.
      Do a full stall and remember the "indicated stall speed."

      Len
      I loved airplane seens I was a kid.
      The T- craft # 1 aircraft for me.
      Foundation Member # 712

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: Static Port

        Bill, Here is a link that might prove interesting re: Air speed calibration.



        One of these days, I want to play with this setup. I've wondered what a simple manometer might reveal, if connected to the inboard end (as disconnected from the Airspeed Indicator's static port) of my static tube...with its outboard end being routed "somewhere" in the wing root. Perhaps one position or another might reveal what's really going on. We might find that the "static" the instrument sees is anything but static. Dick
        Last edited by Dick Smith; 05-11-2006, 08:40.
        Dick Smith N5207M TF#159

        Comment


        • #5
          Re: Static Port

          Dick, thanks for the link... I think I figured it out how to check the static port easily. Jim Weir's method is to check whether your ASI instrument is calibrated, but he assumes your pitot-static points are not inducing any errors. Those errors are what I was trying to determine, not the ASI instrument (that's a different problem)

          This turns out to be really easy... so obvious that I was way too smart to see it!

          If the static port is shaped properly, then even on the ground, airflow past this port should not make the airspeed needle jump backwards or forwards. I am assuming that at rest (no airplane movement) the airspeed indicator should not move when wind blows past the STATIC port only.

          So, I blow air past the static port, making sure that no wind is blowing past the pitot tube. If the airspeed indicator does not move, that means that airflow does not change the air pressure inside the static line.

          Where the rubber hits the road is if you can change the angle of the airflow to simulate pitch and yaw, and your static pressure (ASI reading on the ground) stays at zero.

          Assuming that it does not move, and then further assuming you have an un-blocked pitot tube that faces forward, you should be able to assume that your airframe pitot-static system is accurate.

          That leaves only the calibration of the instrument itself, per Weir's article, or the installation of a new or newly calibrated ASI instrument.
          Taylorcraft : Making Better Aviators for 75 Years... and Counting

          Bill Berle
          TF#693

          http://www.ezflaphandle.com
          http://www.grantstar.net
          N26451 (1940 BL(C)-65) 1988-90
          N47DN (Auster Autocrat) 1992-93
          N96121 (1946 BC-12D-85) 1998-99
          N29544 (1940 BL(C)-85) 2005-08

          Comment


          • #6
            Re: Static Port

            Bill, what I was thinking in regard to the static was to use Weir's simple manometer to see if I could detect either pressure or suction relative to the static atmospheric pressure at a given time and location...some error-causing differential being supplied to the static port on the ASI by the sampling position of the tube up in the wing, where it was when I bought the plane. Probably not worth the trouble...will just listen to the changes in the sound of the air passing by!! Faster...louder/Slower...quieter. Dick
            Last edited by Dick Smith; 05-12-2006, 00:58.
            Dick Smith N5207M TF#159

            Comment


            • #7
              Re: Static Port

              As mentioned, I made and installed what I thought was a good quality static probe yesterday. I used a round head rivet to close off the end.

              After reading Weir's article about calibrating an ASI using a water level - manometer, I realized that if the airplane is on the ground, and no air is flowing near the pitot tube, then air moving past the static port should not move the needle on the airspeed. It would be a nearly foolproof way to see if there was a pressure change in the static line.

              So today I tested it. I put a piece of flexible tube over the pitot and put the other end somewhere away from the static port. So none of the "test air" would blow into the pitot. I then blew an air compressor nozzle toward the static probe from 8 inches away in the direction of flight (front to back). The airspeed needle jumped to nearly 20 mph at certain angles and distances. This would indicate that the static was creating low pressure in the line at speed, yielding higher than accurate ASI readings.

              I then covered the static probe holes with porous (micro-perforated) first aid tape, and poked some very small holes thru the tape, effectively giving me smaller orifices in the static probe. The blowing air test showed that the needle would not jump as much, so I figured I was at least heading in the right direction. I very briefly test-flew the airplane in that condition. this time, the airspeed showed lower than accurate readings both in takeoff speed and at cruise power in level flight. So it appeared that the smaller holes were now providing higher than ambient pressure on the static side.

              I came back in, removed the perforated tape, and wrapped some narrow tape around the probe just forward of the holes to create a raised ring upstream of the holes. The blow gun test showed that it was OK at some angles but still made the airspeed needle jump at others. Then I made a rubber washer about twice the OD of the probe tube, and positioned the washer just forward of the holes. The blow gun test showed a much worse result, in that the airspeed needle jumped to about 30 mph.

              Seeing that I was moving in the wrong direction, I moved the washer to just behind (downstream) of the holes and saw a very big improvement. Air blowing towards the static probe made no jump in the airspeed needle at all, even at simulated pitch and yaw angles. So I found a proper metal washer that fit the tube, slipped it over the tube just behind the holes and wrapped tape around the tube behind the washer to act as a stop. The blow gun test again showed no jump.

              Unfortunately, the airspeed indicator has a peg that prevents the needle from moving below zero. So there is no proof that air piling up in front of the washer will not cause higher than ambient pressure in the static port, resulting in lower than accurate airspeed readings. But watching for a change in the altimeter on takeoff should identify that problem if it exists.

              Bill Berle
              Taylorcraft : Making Better Aviators for 75 Years... and Counting

              Bill Berle
              TF#693

              http://www.ezflaphandle.com
              http://www.grantstar.net
              N26451 (1940 BL(C)-65) 1988-90
              N47DN (Auster Autocrat) 1992-93
              N96121 (1946 BC-12D-85) 1998-99
              N29544 (1940 BL(C)-85) 2005-08

              Comment


              • #8
                Re: Static Port

                Two different versions and two different failures since last time I posted on this topic. After speaking with an aero engineer of some stature, I made a capped tube with five .015" holes around the tube, about two inches behind the cap. I was very convinced that this should work, but alas it did not. For reasons that totally baffle me, there is positive pressure in the static line (or, perhaps I have the only stock T-craft that stalls at 30 mph and cruises at 85).

                I am getting desperate now, since the shape of the static probe I am using is getting very close to the $250 German static probes that are guaranteed to be accurate.

                I could wrangle the forward portion of the original static probe back on somehow, but even if that brings the system back to what it was before, I wasn't totally happy with it then. Tis is becoming an esoteric, academic, and obsessive exercise, but after all this head scratching I damn well want an accurate ASI. Any suggestions are still welcome...
                Taylorcraft : Making Better Aviators for 75 Years... and Counting

                Bill Berle
                TF#693

                http://www.ezflaphandle.com
                http://www.grantstar.net
                N26451 (1940 BL(C)-65) 1988-90
                N47DN (Auster Autocrat) 1992-93
                N96121 (1946 BC-12D-85) 1998-99
                N29544 (1940 BL(C)-85) 2005-08

                Comment


                • #9
                  Re: Static Port

                  Bill,
                  Perhaps the tubing wall thickness is the problem. ??

                  A friend just copied the original pitot-static on my Defender.
                  We used standard 1/4" heavy wall steel automotive hydraulic brake line.

                  I think it had six .015" holes.

                  A wall thickness greater than the hole dia. might help stop the air that is being deflected positively into the system.
                  Good Luck,
                  Jim
                  Last edited by high time cub; 05-17-2006, 12:32.

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Re: Static Port

                    The static and pitot on the Champ are detachable AL tubes tied to a jury strut, so they get knocked around fairly often. They can be pretty sloppily oriented and still work with no noticeable difference, except at high AOA. Putting the static in pointing sideways (holes facing the airstream) moves indicated by maybe 10MPH. Forward, kinda-forward, not-quite-sideways, backwards, etc. all seem to work, at least better than yours! That makes me wonder if you're chasing the right thing. Are your tubes and connections good? If you plug them at the ASI, can you make them hold pressure? Is there some dead creepy-crawlie flopping around inside a tube? In the back of the ASI? Do you have an extra ASI that you could try? Can you borrow one? Any sharp bends in the tubing?

                    My static is a crimped ~1/8" AL tube with something like 6 teeny holes in it. On a technical scale of 1-10, it's about -2. Ditto for the pitot; it's a sawn-off hunk of tubing.

                    Not a clue where the static is on the Tcart - it's always just worked, so I never really looked for it.

                    My Tcart won't fly anywhere near 37. Are you sure the problem is mechanical and not overly high expectations? Go flying with a friend and a GPS - the friend's sole purpose in life being to see if there's any correlation between those two things, and how that relationship changes with AOA, heading, etc., etc., etc.

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Re: Static Port

                      Inspecting KZU I find the static port is a 1/4" tubing in the center of the wing about 6" to 7" into the the wing and placed just behind the rear spar.
                      The end has straight cut and deburred.
                      Is it possible what you have air entering the wing and building pressure inside the wing?
                      My left wing has a large opening where the aileron pushtube is exiting the wing a 4" X 4" or so opening, and the static source is in the left wing.
                      My rigth wing has this opening closed of with fabric, the fabric work was dune at different times and persons.
                      Bill is your wingroot cover in with fabric? If not air will enter the wing there and if it can not escape at he same rate as it enters, pressure will build up, = a lower then normal AIS indication.
                      Just some thoughts.
                      Len
                      I loved airplane seens I was a kid.
                      The T- craft # 1 aircraft for me.
                      Foundation Member # 712

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Re: Static Port

                        Today's test flight showed a stall speed of 30 mph indicated, and a cruise of 82. At 2150 RPM with this engine I know the airplane is going somewhere between 94 and 98. If I could stall at 30 I'd be up there in Anchorage kicking butt on some Super Cubs. but I know the airplane stalls at 38-42 just like all the other T-crafts.

                        Today's test flight featured a tinnerman washer glued to the very front of the static probe, because the last flight didn't work without the washer. I was hoping this would disturb whatever flow pattern was causing the higher than normal pressure. No joy.

                        Today's test flight and yesterday's test had the altimeter also hooked up to the same static line as the ASI. The purpose is to see whether the altimeter moves as I gain speed on takeoff. It didn't move, but it also didn't show as fast a gain of altitude taking off as I think it should, and also SEEMED to read a couple hundred feet low.

                        This is indicative of a higher than ambient pressure in the static line... too much pressure pushing the ASI needle towards zero as well as too much pressure pushing the altimeter towards sea level.

                        The probe is about a 1/4" tube, with the end capped off (glue blob), and a ring of .015 holes about nearly 2 inches behind the cap.

                        Looking at advertisements for professional grade static probes for flight test and air measuring systems, i see that my probe is fairly close to what they are using. It shouldn't be 15 miles an hour off at high speed and 10 off at stall.

                        As i was leaving the hangar, dejected and defeated, the dim amber light of intellect flickered ever so softly... the only difference between where my new static port is and where my old static port was, is that the old one was clamped LOWER on the jury strut than the new one. Perhaps the static is too close to the bottom of the wing, where the air pressure is a bit higher due to the process of making lift? The Taylorcraft seems to fly with a slight positive AOA, so I believe there is an area of higher pressure under the wing. The difference between the two locations (old and new) is maybe 6 or 8 inches.


                        So maybe the shape of my static port is not the issue, as suggested by Dusty. Maybe there is a minimum distance away from the bottom of the wing that it has to be?

                        That being said, I will continue my low caliber flight testing tomorrow if possible, tis time with a rounded plastic cap over the end of the static tube. THAT being said, I'm about to give up and use a fuselage mounted static port, because frankly I am running out of ideas.

                        Bill
                        Taylorcraft : Making Better Aviators for 75 Years... and Counting

                        Bill Berle
                        TF#693

                        http://www.ezflaphandle.com
                        http://www.grantstar.net
                        N26451 (1940 BL(C)-65) 1988-90
                        N47DN (Auster Autocrat) 1992-93
                        N96121 (1946 BC-12D-85) 1998-99
                        N29544 (1940 BL(C)-85) 2005-08

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Re: Static Port

                          Hi Bill, check out this link.



                          My pitot tube is located about 1/3 the distance below the wing on the jury strut. The static port is located in the wing I believe. Hope some of this helps.
                          David and Judy
                          TF# 651
                          Butterfly Fun Lines
                          1941 BF12-65
                          N36468
                          Grasshopper Fun Lines
                          1988 Hatz CB-1
                          N83LW

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